Rite of blessing of cremated remains. 396). Jul 11, 2021 · At the Rite of Committal, the cremated...
Rite of blessing of cremated remains. 396). Jul 11, 2021 · At the Rite of Committal, the cremated remains of the body of the deceased person are reverently taken to the place of burial or entombment and the alternate form for the words of committal is used (p. Following the Lord's Prayer, a blessing is given and the people are dismissed in the usual way. For centuries the practice was for the body of the deceased to be interred di-rectly. All the usual rites which are celebrated with a body present may also be celebrated in the presence of cremated remains. Regardless of location and format, it can be hard to know what to say. An Overview of Catholic Funeral Rites "At the death of a Christian, whose life of faith was begun inthe waters of Baptism and strengthened at the Eucharistic table, the Church intercedes on behalf of the deceased because of its confident belief that death is not the end, nor does it break the bonds forged in life. It is therefore an act which is rightly accompanied by the prayers of the Church. It includes the Order of Christian Funerals, prayers, and reflections that affirm the Church Rite for the Burial of Ashes from Order of Christian Funerals OUTLINE OF THE RITE Invitation Scripture Verse Prayer of Committal The Lord’s Prayer Blessing 12 RITE FOR THE BURIAL OF ASHES 324 This rite may be used when the family and friends of the deceased ask for the ashes to be buried shortly after the funeral. (Order for Christian Funerals, #101-108) Likewise, if the deceased has been cremated, Catholic funerary practice permits those cremated remains to be being buried or placed in a columbarium. If family mem-bers and friends gather at the crematorium, the prayers “At the Crema-torium: Gathering in the Presence of the ody” may be prayed there. 12 Rite foR the BuRial of ashes 324 this rite may be used when the family and friends of the deceased ask for the ashes to be buried shortly after the funeral. When Cremation Takes Place Before the Funeral Liturgy neral rites are celebrated. Amen RITE OF COMMITTAL (Graveside) INVITATION Our brother / sister (Name) has gone to his/her rest in the peace of Christ. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. However, Christian funeral rites may also be celebrated for persons who choose to have their bodies cremated, unless it is evident that they have acted for reasons which are contrary to the Christian way of life. Here is a brief history, plus an explanation of where things stand now. Learn more about Catholic funeral practices. Home | The Church of England Catholic Practice Our tradition is to bury the mortal remains of the dead, entrusting them to God until that day when they are raised to the glory of new life. 7] Amen. The presence of the body forcefully reminds the faithful that they are temples of the Holy Spirit and destined for future glory at the resurrection of the dead. Or, if the Committal is to follow at the burial of ashes on a separate occasion: We have entrusted our brother/sister N to God’s mercy, and now, in preparation for burial, we give his/her body to be cremated. The Vigil This Rite, presided over by a priest, deacon, or prepared layperson (or member of the family) generally consists of: Introductory Rite, Liturgy of the Word, Intercessory Prayer and Concluding Rite and Blessing. Our new funeral rites encourage the burial or strewing (burial of ashes, not in a casket, below the surface of the earth) in keeping with the ancient tradition of Christian burial. The blessing of ashes after cremation is a poignant ritual that allows you to pay tribute to their life, while also finding solace in the grieving process. Are Catholic cremation prayers different from traditional burial prayers? While the core prayers remain the same, some aspects of the funeral rites may be adjusted for cremation. The cremated remains are to be interred in the ground or placed in a ault (columbarium). The Catholic Funeral Rites in the Presence of Cremated Remains of the Body The sacred Catholic Funeral Rites are communally prayed in three parts: the Vigil Rite; the Funeral Liturgy; and, the Rite of Committal. The Rite of Committal, for example, is adapted for the interment of an urn instead of a coffin. The Outline Order for the Funeral of a Child ↑ The Rite of Committal is the final prayer in the sequence of Catholic funeral rites. Invitation 325 The minister Bow your heads and pray for God’s blessing. We are blessed to carry on some part of this one’s /his/her story. Jan 21, 2015 · These ashes are blessed, a reminder of the gift of name’s life. The graveside prayers for the burial of ashes … 5 Graveside Prayers for Burial of Ashes (With Images) Read More » Funeral Liturgy in the Presence of the Cremated Remains ated remains of the body. Funeral liturgy in the presence of the cremated remains Through private prayer and public funeral rites, we strengthen our faith and hope, comfort those who mourn, and bury the bodily remains of the deceased with care befitting what was the Temple of the Holy Spirit. And from such blessing, we give thanks for the life that has gifted our own. Nov 8, 2019 · What is the ideal order of funeral liturgies relative to cremation? “When the choice has been made to cremate a body, it is recommended that the cremation take place after the Funeral Liturgy” (Order of Christian Funerals [OCF], 418; emphasis added). In accordance with the Order of Christian Funerals, the rite of committal occurs immediately following the burial mass whenever possible. The rite ends with those gathered reciting the Lord’s Prayer and the priest delivering a blessing. By following these guidelines, Catholics not only respect their loved ones but also bear witness to their faith in God’s power to give new life to what has perished. With faith and hope in eternal life, let us assist him/her with our prayers. Apr 8, 2020 · and we commit his/her body to be cremated, [or the deep or the elements or its resting place], earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust. If it’s a simple blessing, I see no reason why a priest could not bless the cremated remains of a human being, since all are made in the image and likeness of God, even the non-baptized. But if cremation is used, then the next best form is to have the funeral with the intact body and then have the cremation and the depositing of the ashes later. Dec 12, 2023 · Vatican offers further guidance on handling cremains Replying to a concern about "problems arising from the increasing number of people desiring to cremate the bodies of the deceased and scatter their ashes in nature," the Vatican Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith has upheld a rule mandating that the ashes of the deceased be preserved in a consecrated place. Open with prayer: Death reminds us: 1. But urns are to be placed in mausoleums or columbariums, not kept at home, and cremains are not to be scattered or split up. Also strongly recommended is the Office of the Dead from the Liturgy of the Hours. The cremated human remains would then be interred during the Rite of Committal. This service provides a means of doing this. Those present pray the Lord's Prayer. When all are gathered together, the Aug 2, 2023 · Read our miracle prayers to say when spreading ahes: bible verses, scriptures, and some words to say when scattering someone's ahes. examples that cover a traditional feel through to casual, sentimental to impassive, long to short and all manners in between. 26 – Prayers for the Dead – a few are given on p. This practice With a cremation funeral, people often choose to hold a memorial service or celebration of life separate from scattering ashes. Such a blessing would not be a sacrament, but a sacramental gesture recognizing the dignity of the human person. Ecclesiastes 3:1-4 Righteous God, there is a season for every activity under the heavens: a time to be born and a time to die. May 12, 2023 · When it comes to selecting a resting place for your deceased loved one, some families prefer to bury the ashes rather than disperse them. The rite includes prayers and petitions for the deceased and Scripture readings. 1659 This rite may be celebrated by a priest or deacon who may be assisted by lay ministers in the distribution of the ashes. On behalf of the family, I would like to thank all of you for coming today. A number of churches are making provision for the burial of ashes in the church grounds. The purpose of the rite is to sanctify through the celebration of a blessing those situations in life not explicitly indicated in the rites already given (for example, a gathering of family members or of a group for some special occasion; a collection of contributions for Blessing The Lord bless you and keep you, the Lord make his face to shine upon you and be gracious to you, the Lord lift up his countenance to you and give you his peace; and the blessing of God almighty, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, be among you and remain with you always. To rise with Christ, we must die with Christ: we must “be away from the body and at home with the Lord” (2 Cor 5:8). Care must be taken that all funeral rites are carried out with due decorum. The Rite of Committal should be celebrated at this time, even if time has passed since ¶ The Blessing of a Grave O God, whose Son Jesus Christ was laid in a tomb: bless, we pray, this grave as the place where the body of N your servant may rest in peace, through your Son, who is the resurrection and the life; who died and is alive and reigns with you now and for ever. ” (Reflections on the Body, Cremation, and Catholic Funeral Rites THE BURIAL OF ASHES After cremation a large proportion of remains are unclaimed. Aug 15, 2016 · CONGREGATION FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH Instruction Ad resurgendum cum Christo regarding the burial of the deceased and the conservation of the ashes in the case of cremation 1. The Vatican granted permission for the cremated remains of a body to be brought into church for the liturgical rites of burial. The following excerpts are taken from the General Introduction of the Order of Christian Funerals: 4. John 11. Burial of Cremated Remains ns of the faithful. Catholics who choose cremation look to the infinite power of God to achieve the resurrection of the body even from cremated ashes. The Rite of Committal marks the separation of the mourners from the deceased. The minister, with hands outstretched over the people, says tile following prayer. Oct 27, 2021 · MANILA – The Manila Cathedral on Wednesday announced that families can bring the cremated remains of their departed loved ones for blessing during Sunday Masses. St. Read more about the Rite of Committal at a cemetery. The cremated remains are always treated with the same respect as the body - they should be placed in a worthy vessel, carried with dignity, transported with care, and displayed in a worthy manner during the funeral rites. 301 Moved Permanently 301 Moved Permanently nginx 409-410 Introduction: Funerals in the Presence of Cremated Remains 411-431 Presence of the Body at the Funeral Liturgy Respect for the Cremated Remains of the Body The Funeral Liturgy When cremation takes place following the Funeral Liturgy When cremation takes place before the Funeral Liturgy The Funeral Liturgy in the presence of cremated remains The Order for The Burial of the Dead The Priest and Clerks meeting the corpse at the entrance of the Church-yard, and going before it, either into the Church, or towards the grave, shall say, or sing: I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Third Preference: Funeral Rites with the Cremated Remains Present. Then the cremation of the body takes place. Nov 2, 2023 · Cremated remains are considered the same as intact bodies – cremation was first permitted by the Vatican in 1963 and part of canon (church) law since 1983. Jan 4, 2024 · Recently, the Vatican issued updated rules on how to treat cremated remains. The priest or deacon leads prayers, offers blessings over the grave or niche, and encourages the gathered mourners to commend the soul of their loved one to God’s Jan 16, 2020 · The Committal/Farewell is an opportunity for you to offer one last collective thought/message of love/gratitude/farewell to your loved one. The ceremony includes readings from scripture, a prayer committing the remains to God and asking for the deceased's resurrection. There is however a liturgical problem here - the double rite of committal (see OCF 212 and Praenotanda 15). va: lo strumento di evangelizzazione al servizio del ministero del Papa. It is still, however, the Church’s pre-ference to have the full comple-ment of funeral rites take place with the body present and then have cremation afterwards. Merciful Lord, you know the anguish of the sorrowful, you are attentive to the prayers of the humble. Below are some examples of wording and phrases that I show my families…. The cremated remains of the deceased are to be treated with the same reverence that is given 425When the Funeral Liturgy outside Mass is celebrated, the Rite of Final Commendation is omitted, since it has already taken place. We look for the fullness of the resurrection when Christ shall gather all his saints to reign with him in glory for ever. The Lord bless him/her and keep him/her, the Lord make his face to shine upon him/her and be gracious to him/her, the Lord lift up his countenance upon him/her and give him/her peace. This is known as the Rite of Committal. It can be a significant moment in a time of bereavement, a final letting-go of the one who has died. When these required conditions are met, the various elements of the Catholic funeral rite are conducted in the usual way. Sacramentals and When cremation is chosen, families and friends of the deceased need to know that the cremation should take place after the funeral liturgy and not before it. Jun 15, 2025 · Blessing of Ashes After Cremation Imagine the emotional closure and sense of peace that comes with honoring your loved one’s memory in a meaningful way. Let us pray to the Lord also for ourselves. The minister invokes blessings of eternal rest and light for the deceased, and peace for those mourning, before concluding with a (An excerpt from the Order of Christian Funerals - For Private Circulation) OUTLINE OF THE RITE Invitation Scripture Verse Prayer of Committal The Lord’s Prayer Blessing 12 RITES FOR THE BURIAL OF ASHES 324. Prayers after Death This ritual is used immediately after death. 420 At the Rite of Committal, the cremated remains of the body of the deceased person are reverently taken to the place of burial or entombment and the alternate form for the words of committal is used (p. These ashes are blessed, a gift of return to this earth, a gift of renewal. This page offers spiritual support and liturgical resources for those mourning the loss of a loved one. The rosary, or a portion of it, may be included as part of the petitions within this Rite THE RITE OF CHRISTIAN BURIAL Adapted from the Order of Christian Funerals The cremated remains are to be accorded the respect as befits the dignity of the human person and a baptized Christian. There is however a liturgical problem here – the double rite of committal (see OCF 212 and Praenotanda 15). While the Church has granted the celebration of the Funeral Liturgy, including Mass, in the presence of the cremated remains of the deceased it is considered the least desirable of the options. These may be formal, such as in a church or hall. In 2016, the Vatican issued an instruction regarding burial practices for Catholics. With the Instruction Piam et Constantem of 5 July 1963, the then Holy Office established that presence of the cremated remains and the vigil service should be celebrated. Committal Service Following the Funeral Mass, the body or ashes are brought to a Catholic cemetery or columbarium for final interment. If the family requests that there be military, fraternal, or other rites in addition to the Service of Committal, the pastor should approve such rites and It is the priest’s responsibility to verify the proper motivation and to determine that those arranging for the funeral have made satisfactory provision for the cremated remains, preferably in a Catholic cemetery. The Committal of Ashes After a cremation, the family may wish to mark the reverent disposal of the ashes in a dignified way. “It is appropriate that the cremated remains of the body be present for the full course of the funeral rites, including the Vigil for the Deceased, the Funeral Liturgy, and the Rite of Committal. 25, 26 Sep 26, 2024 · What happens at a Catholic burial or cremation? The burial or cremation of a Catholic starts with a committal service called the Catholic Rite of Committal at a graveside, mausoleum or columbarium. It may also include a Rosary. The Church’s guidelines on burial, cremation, and ashes are not merely norms but expressions of a profound spirituality that seeks to honor human dignity and hope in resurrection. With sensitivity and care, pastors should assist families in making the decision whether or not to cremate the body before the funeral liturgy. News. It is celebrated at the site of interment of the body or the cremated remains. In keeping with respect for the individual’s body as a “temple of the Holy Spirit”2 the Church insists that we bury a person’s cremated ashes in a specific place, just as we bury a body in a grave. A Vigil often takes place within a wake, or social gathering, in which prayerful respects are paid before the remains of the deceased person and condolences are expressed to family members. Ashes are to be treated with the same espect as the body. Mar 19, 2025 · The rite of committal is traditionally the final rite of three associated with a Christian funeral. That said, getting family membe Two dates commend themselves – although clearly the burial can take place at any time. Sep 29, 2017 · The Rite of Committal is the last ceremony in a Catholic funeral. Obviously these are generic, but […] 12 Rite foR the BuRial of ashes 324 this rite may be used when the family and friends of the deceased ask for the ashes to be buried shortly after the funeral. Amen. The tenor of this catechesis should clearly emphasize that the Church’s funeral rites celebrated in the presence of the body of the deceased remains the norm. The presence of the minister, the readings, and the prayers can be of great comfort to the family. Blessing of the grave O God, whose blessed Son was laid in a tomb in the garden: Bless, we pray, this grave, and grant that he/she whose body is to be buried here may dwell with Christ in paradise, and may come to thy heavenly kingdom; through your Son Jesus Christ our Lord. May the Lord now welcome him/her to the table of God’s children in heaven. Order of A Memorial Mass (When no Remains are present) Introductory Rites (Please Stand) Entrance (priest processes into church) Greeting Penitential Act (expression of sorrow for sins) Opening Prayer Liturgy of the Word (Scripture Readings) (Please be seated) First Reading Responsorial Psalm (sung) Second Reading (Please stand) Gospel Acclamation Gospel (Please be seated) Homily (Please stand . The Catholic Church does allow the celebration of the funeral liturgy in the presence of the cremated remains of the deceased, but it is considered the least desirable choice. e sake of reverence for the mortal remains of the deceased. Should cremation occur before or after the funeral? The Church clearly prefers and urges that the body be present during the Vigil and Funeral Mass, and that if cremation is to be used, it take place following the Rite of Final Commendation. To learn about cremation and burial products see our articles: Burial Products | Cremation Products The Lutheran Funeral Service The most common Lutheran funeral includes worship in church with the body of the deceased present. The ideal form of Christian burial is according to the Church’s liturgy, and the statements of the American bishops is the burial of the intact body. The family members, in assembling in the Short Rite for Blessing of Graves The following rite is offered by Kildare and Leighlin Diocesan Commission for Liturgical Formation. Burial of ashes is the ceremony of keeping the departed’s cremated remains in a permanent site, such as a grave or a columbarium. Bereavement and Funerals | USCCB (UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS) Explore the Catholic Church’s teachings and pastoral guidance on bereavement and funerals, as presented by the USCCB. However, if this is not the case, it is impossible to hold a Rite of Committal. Apr 25, 2025 · Can a Catholic priest bless the cremated remains of a non-Catholic? Understand the Church guidelines on blessings and funeral rites for all. The rite may end with a hymn or song. All pray silently. Jul 11, 2004 · Committals for Believers Number 1 For as much as it has pleased Almighty God to take out of this world the soul of ___________________, we therefore commit his/her body to the ground, earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust, looking for that blessed hope when the Lord Himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the This is the reverent disposition of the cremated remains that the Church requires. Prior to the Funeral Liturgy, the urn containing the cremated remains is placed on a suitable stand or table in the place normal Nov 15, 2021 · Sample Funeral, Graveside and Committal Services by Pastor Mike Cameneti GRAVESIDE SERVICE Today we are gathered together for the graveside service for ____________________. It’s a question that often comes up, Father Carrion said. va Supporto iBreviary When cremation takes place before the Funeral Mass, and the diocesan bishop permits the presence of cremated remains at the Funeral Mass, the Appendix provides adapted texts for the Sprinkling with Holy Water, the Dismissal for use at the Funeral Mass (or the Funeral Liturgy outside Mass), and the Committal of Cremated Remains. Jul 4, 2022 · I wonder if you are talking about funeral rites or just a simple blessing. When the body is taken from the church to the crematorium, the first rite of committal is celebrated in a way analogous to burial. However, it can be adapted for cremation or the interment of ashes, for burial above ground or at sea, or for donation of the body for medical purposes. That is, even though it is permitted to have cremated remains present at the […] Rite of Committal During the liturgies, the cremated remains are treated with the same dignity and respect as the body. In the past 100 years or so, cremation of the body has become a general practice, largely for environmental and economic reasons. All Amen. Burial of Ashes The Church provides a simple rite for the burial of ashes. Invitation Scripture Verse Prayer of Committal The Lord’s Prayer Blessing 12 RITE FOR THE BURIAL OF ASHES 324 This rite may be used when the family and friends of the deceased ask for the ashes to be buried shortly after the funeral. The ashes of the deceased should be reverently buried or entombed in a place reserved for the burial of the dead. Catholic funeral rites include cremation as an option, respecting the deceased's body, with prayers, mass, and interment of ashes in a sacred place. Or they may be informal, and take place in a location of special significance to family and friends. Rite of Committal The last of the rites in the Order of Christian Funerals is the Rite of Committal which includes a verse from the scriptures, a prayer of committal, intercessions, the Lord’s Prayer and a blessing. 1984 Since the present rite provides a wide choice of texts, it can be readily adapted for use in various circumstances. Breviary Reading Prayers Missal More Prayers Must cremated remains be buried/entombed? What is a columbarium? May I scatter the ashes? May anything be added to cremated remains such as the cremated remains of other persons, pets, or other objects? Who decides if I am cremated? How do I make my wishes known? What funeral rites are celebrated when a person is cremated? Aug 9, 2021 · The Church teaches that ashes from cremation should be buried in sacred ground or entombed in a columbarium — but not kept at home! In the Church’s mind, cremated remains should be treated with the same reverence as the body of a deceased person. We are blessed to have known her/him/this one. eu The Use of Christian Symbols When the cremated remains of the deceased person are present for any of the Funeral Rites, the Christian symbols used in a Funeral Liturgy where a body is present are appropriately used here as well. Invitation 325 The minister begins: My friends, we have come together to bury/entomb the ashes of our brother When cremation takes place before the Funeral Mass, and the diocesan bishop permits the presence of cremated remains at the Funeral Mass, the Appendix provides adapted texts for the Sprinkling with Holy Water, the Dismissal for use at the Funeral Mass (or the Funeral Liturgy outside Mass), and the Committal of Cremated Remains. In a Facebook post, the church known as the Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception initially said it started the Rite of Blessing of Cremated Remains last October 24. The cremated remains of the deceased are to be treated with the same respe t given to the full body. May 30, 2017 · The human remains after cremation are buried or placed in a columbarium. If a body is to be cremated, the coffin is taken to the crematorium where there is a short service in the chapel. This rite may be used when the family and friends of the deceased ask for the ashes to be buried shortly after the funeral. If desired, music may be added to the Rite of Committal. How we care for a person’s mortal remains following cremation is new to the tradition and deserves its own place in American Catholic life. The blessing of the ashes, however, is reserved to a priest or deacon. GATHERING IN THE PRESENCE OF THE BODY LAY PERSON PRESIDING The following is a model of prayer that can be used when the family first gathers in the presence of the body, either prior to the start of a wake service or when they first arrive at the church for the funeral before other people start arriving. This is the reverent disposition of the cremated remains that the Church requires. Oct 26, 2021 · Guidelines for the funeral liturgy with cremated remains present FORT WAYNE — The Church clearly prefers and urges that the body of the deceased be present for the funeral rites. 5 When this Order is used at the cremation of the body, in place of the words, ‘commit his body to the ground, earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust’, shall be said the words, ‘commit his body to be consumed by fire’: and in this case it shall suffice to say one or more of the Prayers at the burial of the ashes. You are always free to have a Mass for your dear departed with or without the body Back to Book of Worship >> This order is intended primarily for burial in the ground. However, when in rare circumstances this is not possible, the cremated remains are permitted to be present for the Funeral Liturgy. Third Preference: Funeral rites with the cremated remains present. A Painful Reminder Death reminds us that we live in a fallen, imperfect world… we are reminded of mankind The same holds for cremated remains, which should be treated in the same manner as a body would. catholicus. The minister leads a blessing of remains ceremony to commit an unknown person's ashes to God. 12 Rite foR the BuRial of ashes 324 this rite may be used when the family and friends of the deceased ask for the ashes to be buried shortly after the funeral. Help my mind to comprehend this as I struggle to deal with the reality of death. Visita News. RITE of COMMITTAL at a CEMETERY with FINAL COMMENDATION [adapted from the Order of Christian Funerals 1990 Other appropriate prayers should be considered from OCF Part V. It is also an expression of communion between the Church on earth and the Church in Heaven, allowing the deceased to pass from the community of mourners into the community The only changes in the liturgical rite are that the white pall is not used, and reference is made to earthly remains instead of to a body. From planning to attending, ideas for a service, funeral etiquette, & more. The human remains after cremation are buried or placed in a columbarium. The United States’ bishops have written new prayers and have printed them as an appendix to the Order of Christian Funerals. Parishes may wish to draw on it for use in November. It takes place at the graveside, mausoleum, or columbarium and brings the community together at the place where the body or cremated remains will rest. Hear your people who cry out to you in their need, and strengthen their hope in your lasting Sep 29, 2017 · The remains are set in a place of honor and the deceased may be blessed with holy water, incense and the Easter candle. It may be used at church or at a funeral home. The first two are the vigil service and the funeral liturgy, which are performed before the funeral and during the funeral respectively. The guide will go through all you need to know about a Cremation Ceremony. Jun 23, 2019 · So, during this burial of ashes, help my heart find comfort in knowing that even in death, You are with us, Amen. However, it also said family For this reason, when cremation of the body is chosen, we are asked that the ashes of our loved one are laid to rest in a wahi tapu, a sacred place, such as at a cemetery, or a columbarium, church or surrounding area that has been blessed and set aside for this purpose. Instruction Ad resurgendum cum Christo regarding the burial of the deceased and the conservation of the ashes in the case of cremation (pdf) Guidance Note by Department for Christian Life and Worship download pdf Catholics & Cremation — leaflet from the diocese of Westminster Rite for the Burial of Ashes — see above If cremation has taken place, the parish priest is to recommend: a) gathering with family and friends for prayer and remembrance of the deceased; b) celebration of a Funeral Liturgy; c) gathering with family and friends for the interment of cremated remains at the cemetery in the Rite of Committal. 2. vsfm gemlcs okm bhbion zqps edjor uyy vllyi krmbq hjfu
